The paper thereby puts forward policy implications for China’s economic policies. The research reveals the main driving factors that effect the carbon emissions of megacities in developing countries, and highlights the leading role of megacities in terms of carbon emission reduction in China and even the world. This paper considers the driving factors of both the production side and the residential consumption side from the city level. The results show that at the municipality level, the driving factors that contribute to carbon emissions are the GDP growth effect and the population effect, with the former still being the most important factor in the municipalities with faster economic growth and industrial structure effect is the most important factor that inhibits carbon emissions, followed by energy structure effect. Kaya identity is used to decompose the effects into eight driving factors: GDP effect, industrial structure effect, energy intensity effect, overall energy structure effect, population effect, urbanization effect, per capita energy consumption effect, urban and rural energy structure effect. Taking four representative municipalities, namely, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing as the case cities, this paper establishes a decomposition analysis for the driving factors of carbon emissions by applying the LMDI method covering data from 2007 to 2017. To this end, each city, led by representative municipalities, must enhance efforts in carbon emission reduction to jointly realize China’s low-carbon transition. China, as the world’s largest carbon dioxide emitter, is bound to assume the important responsibility of energy conservation and emission reduction.
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